What is a job hazard analysis (JHA) and what are its typical steps?

• A. A method to measure noise levels in a workplace; steps: identify equipment, measure decibels, adjust, document.
• B. A process to audit PPE usage; steps: list PPE, observe, rate compliance, report.
• C. A systematic process to identify hazards for a specific job; steps: select job, break down steps, identify hazards, determine controls, implement and review.
• D. A plan to optimize production efficiency; steps: map workflow, remove bottlenecks, train staff, monitor.

Answer: (C)

A job hazard analysis is a systematic, task-focused process to identify hazards for a specific job and determine controls to reduce risk. It starts by selecting the job, then breaking the job down into individual steps. For each step, hazards are identified—such as physical, ergonomic, chemical, or biological risks—and appropriate controls are determined, typically following the hierarchy of controls (eliminate, substitute, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE). The plan is then implemented and periodically reviewed to ensure effectiveness and updated as needed. This approach is used to make tasks safer by understanding exactly what can go wrong at each step and applying targeted safeguards, rather than merely checking compliance or measuring a single hazard.

The other options describe activities that are not job hazard analysis. Measuring noise levels focuses on exposure assessment, PPE usage audits assess compliance rather than hazard identification for a task, and production optimization aims at efficiency rather than identifying and controlling hazards for a specific job.