Which is an example of a health disparity?

• A. Higher infant mortality in low-income populations
• B. Universal health coverage reduces disparities
• C. Rural water is safe across communities
• D. None of the above

Answer: (A)

Health disparities are differences in health outcomes that are avoidable and linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantage. Higher infant mortality in low-income populations illustrates this because the outcome (infant death) occurs more often in a group facing resource constraints, barriers to care, and greater exposure to risk factors. These gaps are not random; they reflect inequitable conditions that could be addressed with targeted policies and improved access to services, care, and living conditions.

The other statements describe actions or conditions that are aimed at reducing disparities or state overall safety, rather than an outcome that varies by population group. Universal health coverage is a policy intended to lessen gaps in access, not a disparity itself. Saying rural water is safe across communities indicates no disparity in that measure. And “none of the above” isn’t correct because there is a clear example of a disparity.